The Exorcist is an American media franchise that originated with William Peter Blatty's 1971 horror novel of the same name and most prominently featured in a 1973 film adapted from the novel, and many subsequent prequels and sequels. All of these installments focus on fictional accounts of people possessed by Pazuzu, the main antagonist of the series, and the efforts of religious authorities to counter this possession.

• 1Novels
• 2Films
  • 2.7Related films
• 4Theatre
• 5Video game
• 7Parodies and pastiches

Novels[edit]

The Exorcist (1971)[edit]

The Exorcist is a 1971 novel by American writer William Peter Blatty. The book details the demonic possession of twelve-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the two priests who attempt to exorcise the demon. It was published by Harper & Row.

The novel was inspired by a 1949 case of demonic possession and exorcism that Blatty heard about while he was a student in the class of 1950 at Georgetown University.^[1] As a result, the novel takes place in Washington D.C. near the campus of Georgetown University. In September 2011, the novel was reprinted by Harper Collins to celebrate its fortieth anniversary, with slight revisions made by Blatty as well as interior title artwork by Jeremy Caniglia.

Legion (1983)[edit]

Legion is the 1983 follow-up to the Exorcist novel. It was made into the movie The Exorcist III in 1990. Like The Exorcist, it involves demonic possession. The book was the focus of a court case over its exclusion from The New York Times Best Seller list.

Blatty based aspects of the Gemini Killer on the real-life Zodiac Killer,^[2] who, in a January 1974 letter to the San Francisco Chronicle, had praised the original Exorcist film as 'the best satirical comedy that I have ever seen'.^[3]

Films[edit]

The Exorcist (1973)[edit]

The Exorcist is a 1973 American supernaturalhorror film directed by William Friedkin, adapted by William Peter Blatty from his 1971 novel of the same name, and starring Ellen Burstyn, Linda Blair, Max von Sydow, and Jason Miller. The film is part of The Exorcist franchise. The book, inspired by the 1949 exorcism of Roland Doe,^[4][5] deals with the demonic possession of a 12-year-old girl and her mother's attempts to win back her child through an exorcism conducted by two priests. The adaptation is relatively faithful to the book, which itself has been commercially successful (hitting the New York Times bestseller list).^[6][7]

Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977)[edit]

John Boorman's Exorcist II: The Heretic was released in 1977, and revisited Regan four years after her initial ordeal. The plot dealt with an investigation into the legitimacy of Merrin's exorcism of Regan in the first film. In flashback sequences, we see Regan giving Merrin his fatal heart attack, as well as scenes from the exorcism of a young boy named Kokumo in Africa many years earlier.

The Exorcist III (1990)[edit]

The Exorcist III appeared in 1990, written and directed by Blatty himself from his own 1983 novel Legion. Completely ignoring the events of Exorcist II, this book and film presented a continuation of Karras' story. Following the precedent set in The Ninth Configuration, Blatty turned a supporting character from the first film – in this case, Kinderman — into the chief protagonist. Though the characters of Karras and Kinderman were acquainted during the murder investigation in The Exorcist and Kinderman expressed fondness for Karras, in Exorcist III Blatty has Kinderman remembering Karras as his 'best friend'. Jason Miller reprised his Academy Award-nominated role in The Exorcist for this film.

Exorcist: The Beginning (2004)[edit]

Because of the studio's dissatisfaction with Schrader's version of the prequel (see 'Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist'), Renny Harlin was then hired as director to retool the movie. Harlin reused some of Schrader's footage but shot mostly new material to create a more conventional horror film. Harlin's new version Exorcist: The Beginning was released, but was not well received.

Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist (2005)[edit]

A prequel film attracted attention and controversy even before its release in 2004; it went through a number of directorial and script changes, such that two versions were ultimately released. John Frankenheimer was originally hired as director for the project, but withdrew before filming started due to health concerns. He died a month later. Paul Schrader replaced him. Upon completion the studio rejected Schrader's version as being too slow, and hired another director to retool the movie. Nine months after the release of the retooled movie (see 'Exorcist: The Beginning') Schrader's original version, retitled Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist, was given a small theatrical release.

Box office[edit]

Related films[edit]

The Ninth Configuration (1980)[edit]

Blatty directed The Ninth Configuration, a post-Vietnam War drama set in a mental institution. Released in 1980, it was based on Blatty's novel of the same name. Though it contrasts sharply with the tone of The Exorcist, Blatty regards Configuration as its true sequel.^[15] The lead character is the astronaut from Chris' party, Lt. Cutshaw.

Possessed (2000)[edit]

A made-for-television film, Possessed (based on the book of the same name by Thomas B. Allen), was broadcast on Showtime on October 22, 2000, directed by Steven E. de Souza and written by de Souza and Michael Lazarou. The film claimed to follow the true accounts that inspired Blatty to write The Exorcist and starred Timothy Dalton, Henry Czerny, and Christopher Plummer.

Television series[edit]

On January 22, 2016, 20th Century Fox Television announced they were developing a television series of The Exorcist.^[16] On February 2, 2016, Rupert Wyatt was hired to direct the pilot episode.^[17] On March 2, 2016, Alfonso Herrera and Ben Daniels were cast as Father Tomas Ortega and Father Marcus Lang.^[18]Geena Davis was cast as Angela Rance in the pilot.^[19]

The pilot filmed in Chicago in early 2016, and on May 10 the series was greenlit for a first season.^[20]

Theatre[edit]

The Exorcist (2012)[edit]

In February 2008, American playwright John Pielmeier expressed an interest in adapting William Peter Blatty's novel of the same name into a play and soon met with Blatty. He then began working on a script for the play, in which the first draft was completed in ten days.^[21]The Exorcist first premiered at the Geffen Playhouse, Los Angeles in 2012.

Video game[edit]

The Exorcist: Legion VR (2017)[edit]

A horror VR video game, called The Exorcist: Legion VR, was published on Steam, Oculus and PlayStation in 2018 and was based on the events of The Exorcist III.^{[22][23][24][25]}

Unmade sequels and remakes[edit]

In November 2009, it was announced that Blatty planned to direct a mini-series of The Exorcist.^[26][27]

In September 2015, Morgan Creek Productions announced it was selling its library of films, while retaining remake and sequel rights to key properties, including The Exorcist. Rumors began circulating that the original film would be remade, which was denied by Morgan Creek.^[28]

Parodies and pastiches[edit]

The success of The Exorcist inspired a string of possession-related films worldwide. The first was Beyond the Door, a 1974 Italian film with Juliet Mills as a woman possessed by the devil. It appeared in the U.S. one year later. Also in 1974, a Turkish film, Şeytan (Turkish for Satan; the original film was also shown with the same name), is an almost scene-for-scene remake of the original. The same year in Germany, the exorcism-themed film Magdalena, vom Teufel besessen was released. In 1975, Britain released The Devil Within Her (also called I Don't Want to Be Born) with Joan Collins as an exotic dancer who gives birth to a demon-possessed child.

In 1987, Warner Brothers released an animated short starring Daffy Duck, entitled 'Duxorcist' which was a parody of 'Exorcist', where a group of spirits possess a female duck, and Daffy does succeed in getting them out of the female figure. Similarly, a blaxploitation film was released in 1974 titled Abby. While the films Şeytan and Magdalena, vom Teufel besessen were protected from prosecution by the laws of their countries of origin, Abby's producers (filming in Louisiana) were sued by Warner. The film was pulled from theaters, but not before making $4 million at the box office.

A parody, Repossessed, was released the same year as The Exorcist III, with Blair lampooning the role she had played in the original. Another parody, was made in Italy by actor and comedian Ciccio Ingrassia in 1977, called L'esorciccio. The prologue for Scary Movie 2 was a short parody of several scenes from the original.

Mexican comics 'Los Polivoces' (The Multivoices), made a copy-parody, called 'El Exorcista'. Eduardo Manzano incarned the 'possession' and hard make-up was used. Flying clothes were used as 'phantoms' and rotoscophy techniques make his bed fly.

Other references[edit]

A 1995 episode of The Simpsons (titled 'Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily') features Bart, Lisa and Maggie getting put under the care of the Flanders family. After Lisa reveals that neither she, Bart nor Maggie is baptized, Ned decides to baptize them. On the way to the baptism, Maggie turns her head around like Linda Blair in The Exorcist. Mewarnai gambar sekolahku. It was also parodied in Treehouse of Horror I, Treehouse of Horror XVI and Treehouse of Horror XXVIII. It was also parodied in 'Fland Canyon'.

In the Gravity Falls episode 'The Inconveniencing', Mabel twisting her head 180 degrees while being possessed by a ghost is a reference to a scene in the movie The Exorcist, in which Pazuzu, possessing Regan MacNeil, turns its head 180 degrees.

In Bride of Chucky, When Chucky is on the bed his head turns all the way around just before killing Damien and Tiffany watches.

A meta-reference to the film was made in an episode of Supernatural titled 'The Usual Suspects'. On the show, demons possessing humans is a common plot element; demons in the series are human souls corrupted by their time in Hell, lacking physical bodies of their own to interact with Earth. Linda Blair appeared in 'The Usual Suspects' as a police detective, with protagonist Dean Winchester finding her character familiar and expressing a strange desire for pea soup at the episode's conclusion.

In Angel: Earthly Possessions, a spin-off comic story based on the TV series Angel, protagonist Angel finds himself dealing with a priest who performs exorcisms, but comes to realize that the priest is summoning the demons for him to exorcise in the first place. He also makes a note of The Exorcist film, noting that the vision it created of possession actually made things easier for possession demons by making it harder for humans to know what to expect from a possession.

In the animated Horror-comedy show Courage the Cowardly Dog, the episode 'The Demon In The Mattress' is a direct spoof of the film, using several plot elements that was lifted straight from The Exorcist. In the episode, Muriel orders a comfy new mattress, not paying attention to the grotesque deliveryman nor the sinister horse-drawn carriage that delivered it. Unaware of the demon in the mattress, she is later possessed by it when while she sleeps.

In the paranormal TV show Ghost Adventures the producers visited the Exorcist House for their 100th episode of the series. In the episode, Zak, Nick, and Aaron visit the house to see that an exorcism occurred there in 1949. The episode has been announced as one of the scariest lockdown since Bobby Mackeys.

The film was parodied in The Boondocks episode 'Stinkmeaner Strikes Back' (season 2, episode 4).

The 2013 disaster comedy film This Is the End referenced the exorcism when Jonah Hill is possessed by a demon and Jay Baruchel performs an exorcism on by repeating lines from the movie.

In 2014, British author Saurav Dutt released a book entitled 'Pazuzu Unbound', which is a book set in contemporary times dealing with the demon Pazuzu but which does not deal with the original characters in the film and novel on which the book is inspired.

Characters[edit]

See also[edit]

• The Exorcist: Italian Style or L'esorciccio, a 1975 Italian comedy film that parodies the original 1973 film

References[edit]

1. ^Dimension Desconocida. Ediciones Robinbook. 2009. ISBN9788499170015. Retrieved 2010-04-04. La inspiración del exorcista La historia de Robbie Mannheim es un caso típico de posesión, y es la que dio vida a la película El Exorcista.
2. ^'The Exorcist III Info, Trailers, and Reviews at MovieTome'. Movietome.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
3. ^'Zodiac Killer : The Letters - 01-29-1974'. SFGate (San Francisco Chronicle). 2 December 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
4. ^Fry 2008, p. 130.
5. ^Pons 2009, p. 132.
6. ^Holtzclaw, Mike (October 24, 2014). 'The sound and fury of 'The Exorcist''. Daily Press. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
7. ^Susman, Gary (December 26, 2013). ''The Exorcist': 25 Things You Didn't Know About the Terrifying Horror Classic'. news.moviefone.com. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
8. ^'The Exorcist (1973)'. Box Office Mojo.
9. ^'Movie The Exorcist - Box Office Data'. The Numbers. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17.
10. ^'Exorcist II (1977)'. Box Office Mojo.
11. ^'The Exorcist III (1990)'. Box Office Mojo.
12. ^'The Exorcist (2000)'. Box Office Mojo.
13. ^'Exorcist: The Beginning (2008)'. Box Office Mojo.
14. ^'Dominion: A Prequel to the Exorcist (2005)'. Box Office Mojo.
15. ^Fitch, Alex (February 25, 2011). 'Light in the Darkness: William Peter Blatty's Faith Trilogy'. Electric Sheep Magazine. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
16. ^Prudom, Laura. ''The Exorcist' Pilot Ordered at Fox with Modern Twist'. Variety.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
17. ^Briers, Michael. 'Rupert Wyatt To Resurrect A Horror Icon By Helming TV Pilot Of The Exorcist'. wegotthiscovered.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
18. ^Andreeva, Nellie (March 2, 2016). ''Exorcist': Alfonso Herrera & Ben Daniels To Star In Fox Drama Pilot'. Deadline.
19. ^Wagmeister, Elizabeth. 'Geena Davis Cast in Fox's 'Exorcist' Reboot Pilot'. Variety.com. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
20. ^Elber, Lynn. 'Fox orders series based on 'Lethal Weapon,' 'Exorcist''. denverpost.com. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
21. ^'The Exorcist John Pielmeier'. johnpielmeier.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
22. ^http://www.exorcistlegion.com/
23. ^http://store.steampowered.com/app/708580/The_Exorcist_Legion_VR/
24. ^https://exorcistvr.com/Oculus
25. ^https://exorcistvr.com/PSVR
26. ^''The Exorcist' Miniseries Reteams Original Writer/Director?'.
27. ^'Cemetery Dance #62: The William Peter Blatty special issue shipping now!'. Cemeterydance.com. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
28. ^Barkan, Jonathan (September 28, 2015). 'Morgan Creek Confirms They Will NOT Remake 'The Exorcist''. Bloody-Disgusting. Retrieved May 6, 2016.

External links[edit]

• The Exorcist on IMDb

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